Article by sandra case

This third article by Absolute Futures will show how many bushels of Corn are required to produce just one gallon of ethanol. This will definitely impress upon anyone who trades the commodity corn, how Ethanol production impacts the total supply of Corn available for live cattle feed, as well as, other domestic uses.

Each bushel of corn can produce up to 2.5 gallons of ethanol fuel. Only the starch from the corn is used to make ethanol. Most of the substance of the corn kernel remains, leaving the protein and valuable co-products to be used in the production of food for people, livestock, feed, and various chemicals. For example, that same bushel of corn (56 lbs.) used in ethanol manufacturing can also produce the following products depending on the process used to produce Ethanol. Ethanol is produced from corn by using one of two standard processes, wet-milling or dry-milling. Dry-milling plants cost less to build and produce higher yields of ethanol, but the value of co-products is less.

The wet-milling process produces 31.5 pound of starch or 33 lbs. of sweetener, or 2.5 gallons of Ethanol fuel and 12.4 lbs. of 21% protein feed and 3.0 lbs of 60% gluten meal and 1.5 lbs. of Corn Oil and 17 lbs. Of Carbon Dioxide.

The dry-milling process 2.5 gallons of Ethanol fuel and 15 lbs. of brewer yeast, 10 eight oz. pkgs. of cheese curls, 1 lb. of pancake mix, 22 lbs. of hominy feed for live cattle, 0.7 lbs. of Corn Oil, and 17 lbs. of Carbon Dioxide.

One of the most controversial issues relating to ethanol is the question of “net energy” of ethanol production. According to the Institute for Local Self Reliance research in 1995, the production of ethanol from corn is a positive net energy generator. If corn farmers use state-of-the-art, energy efficient farming techniques, and ethanol plants use state-of-the-art production processes, then the amount of energy contained in a gallon of ethanol and the other co-products is more than twice the energy used to grow the corn and convert it into ethanol.

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A short video explaining how our nation’s policy of burning corn in our gas tanks is causing an increase in the price of meat and poultry at the grocery store.

Biodiesel investors lose bid for loan to be repaid
A New York company that took control of the venture, CleanTech Corp., expanded to add corn oil extraction facilities at ethanol plants in Riga and Albion. The corn oil was to be used in making biodiesel fuel. The company collapsed, however, …
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Biofuels Policy Will Drive Grain Prices in 2012
"The reality is there is only so much corn and different interests are going to fight for it." Lapp believes biofuels policy, particularly regarding the ethanol mandate, could be the single biggest driver for grain prices. He projects a shortfall to …
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New research indicates that corn-based ethanol is more costly to human health and the environment than gasoline. The research also indicates that biofuels from non-food crops may be less costly. www.sciencentral.com

Biomass or bust: Kansas ethanol plant seeks higher ground
For ethanol from biomass, it's about following the crops. Iowa is the national leader in corn, while Kansas brings together a substantial amount of corn, wheat and sorghum. Standlee said that's what attracted Abengoa to southwest Kansas.
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China increasing grain imports, as ethanol growth slows
In China, a result of the country's decision to reduce corn-based ethanol production for the next five years, it will instead have to boost its imports of animal feed due to a decline in DDGS production. Imports could jump to 6 million tonnes in the …
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Corn prices 'need to move higher' – Morgan Stanley
Morgan Stanley joined commentators upbeat on prospects for corn prices despite warning over a potential short-term hiccup from weak ethanol margins, and forecasting US stocks returning over 1bn bushels. Ethanol producers, who last autumn saw margins …
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US Cash Grains-Soy bids steady-weak, corn flat in thin sales
Corn bids rose at a Nebraska processor and eased at an Iowa processor while bids for the grain were mostly unchanged at elevators, ethanol plants and river terminals. * Farmer sales of each commodity were nearly nonexistent ahead of an expected lower …
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Ethanol's food-fuel dilemma
By Scott Cendrowski, writer-reporter January 31, 2012: 5:00 AM ET FORTUNE — After 30 years of government largesse that would have made even Nancy Pelosi blush, Congress in December let expire the roughly $ 6 billion annual subsidy for corn ethanol.
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21st Century Biomass and Energy Crops: Feedstocks, Biochemical Conversion, Cellulosic Ethanol, Biodiesel, Processing Research, Sugars, Biorefineries, Agricultural Residue, Corn Dry Mill, Syngas

This ebook reproduces a major document from the Department of Energy, Office of the Biomass Program, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy: Multi-Year Program Plan for Biomass. Contents include: Program Overview , Market Overview and Federal Role of the Program, program Design, Program Goals, Schedule and Multiyear Targets, Program Portfolio Management, Program Portfolio Management Process, Program Analysis, Performance Assessment, Technology Research, Development & Deployment Plan, Feedstocks

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Article by Percy Kinney

This second article by Absolute Futures will explain the commercial production of ethanol. Ethanol is a product of fermentation. Fermentation is a sequence of reactions which release energy from organic molecules in the absence of oxygen. In this application of fermentation, energy is obtained when sugar is changed to ethanol and carbon dioxide.

Changing corn to ethanol by fermentation takes many steps. Starch in corn must be broken down into simple sugars before fermentation can occur. In earlier times, this was done by chewing the corn. This allowed the salivary enzymes to naturally break down the start. Today, this is achieved by cooking the corn and adding the enzymes alpha amylase and gluco amylase.

Once a simple sugar is obtained, yeast is added. Yeast is a single-celled fungi which feeds on the sugar and causes the fermentation. As the fungi feeds on the sugar, it produces alcohol (ethanol) and carbon dioxide. In fermentation, the ethanol retains much of the energy that was originally in the sugar, and explains why ethanol is an excellent fuel.

Most ethanol production in the United States is made in 50 production facilities in 20 different states. Most of these plants are located in the Midwest.

Changing the starch in kernels of corn to sugar and changing sugar to ethanol is a complex process and requires a mix of technologies that include microbiology, chemistry and engineering.

Ethanol is produced from corn by using one of two standard processes: wet-milling or dry-milling. Dry-milling plants cost less to build and produce higher yields of ethanol, but the value of co-products is less. Most of the ethanol plants in the U.S. utilize a dry-milling process. The wet-milling operation is more elaborate because the grain must be separated into its components.

After fermentation, the ethanol is removed from the mix of ethanol, water, yeast, and residue. It is then purified through distillation. The distilling process takes advantage of the low boiling point (78C.) of ethanol. When the temperature of the mix is increased slightly higher than the boiling point, the ethanol evaporates. It is then captured as a gas vapor and condensed back to a liquid. Other chemicals are added and molecular sieves are used to purify the ethanol.

Advances in technology are being made to further reduce the large amounts of energy needed for distillation. These advances help to reduce the costs and make producing ethanol much more economical.

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From ABC 20/20 Myths, Lies, and Downright Stupidity with John Stossel, Myth #1 Ethanol is Great Download this video from DivX Stage6 here: stage6.divx.com
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Ethanol and Corn: Changes from Expanding Use (Renewable Energy: Research, Development and Policies)

U.S. policy to expand the production of biofuel for domestic energy use has significant implications for agriculture and resource use. While ongoing research and development investment may radically alter the way biofuel is produced in the future, for now, corn-based ethanol continues to account for most biofuel production. As corn ethanol production increases, so does the production of corn. The effect on agricultural commodity markets has been national, but commodity production adjustments, an

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OUR VIEW; SUBSIDIES FOR ETHANOL? CORN HAS BETTER USE.(Editorials): An article from: The Santa Fe New Mexican (Santa Fe, NM)

This digital document is an article from The Santa Fe New Mexican (Santa Fe, NM), published by The Santa Fe New Mexican on March 31, 2011. The length of the article is 640 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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Title: OUR VIEW; SUBSIDIES FOR ETHANOL? CORN HAS BETTER USE.(Editorials)
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