A few nice hydroxide images I found:

Fungal hyphae in potassium hydroxide digested hair sample


Image by Nathan Reading 100,000 views – many thanks all!
Ectothrix invasion of fungal hyphae within a hair shaft. Hair has been digested with potassium hydroxide. This sample grew Trichophyton tonsurans – a common cause of Tinea capitis.

Base


Image by Beige Alert

I Am Ur Base


Image by Beige Alert

Check out these hydroxide images:

India : New Delhi : Connaught Place reloaded // भारत : नई दिल्ली : कनॉट प्लेस को पुनः लोड – Traditional Indian street art.


Image by in search for a new country of residence
Traditional Indian street art. Not so simple, one has to chew the mixture of betel areca nut, tobacco (pan), some massala and alkali lime. After some time you spit the chewed mixture as artistically as you can on the wall. You ‘ll recognize these kind of artist from the color of their teeth: They are red!

Essentially this is a collective work of many spiting artists. Additionally some artist use urinating to get more shades of the piece of art and to unlock and gain the new dimension of smell. Every few years Communal Workers apply white suspension of lime hydroxide in water to beatify the masterpiece. This is India’s invention of creative work. Kinda social activity or networking or more trendy *facebooking*. If you like some masterpiece just spit on it to *like* it. You’ll gain approbation by locals and become *tikka or desi wallah*. ( टिक्का – देसी – वाला / वाले / वाली )(???).

See where this picture was taken. [?]

India : New Delhi : Connaught Place reloaded // भारत : नई दिल्ली : कनॉट प्लेस को पुनः लोड – Traditional Indian street art.


Image by in search for a new country of residence
Traditional Indian street art. Not so simple, one has to chew the mixture of betel areca nut, tobacco (pan), some massala and alkali lime. After some time you spit the chewed mixture as artistically as you can on the wall. You ‘ll recognize these kind of artist from the color of their teeth: They are red!

Essentially this is a collective work of many spiting artists. Additionally some artist use urinating to get more shades of the piece of art and to unlock and gain the new dimension of smell. Every few years Communal Workers apply white suspension of lime hydroxide in water to beatify the masterpiece. This is India’s invention of creative work. Kinda social activity or networking or more trendy *facebooking*. If you like some masterpiece just spit on it to *like* it. You’ll gain approbation by locals and become *tikka or desi wallah*. ( टिक्का – देसी – वाला / वाले / वाली )(???).

See where this picture was taken. [?]

India : New Delhi : Connaught Place reloaded // भारत : नई दिल्ली : कनॉट प्लेस को पुनः लोड – Traditional Indian street art.


Image by in search for a new country of residence
Traditional Indian street art. Not so simple, one has to chew the mixture of betel areca nut, tobacco (pan), some massala and alkali lime. After some time you spit the chewed mixture as artistically as you can on the wall. You ‘ll recognize these kind of artist from the color of their teeth: They are red!

Essentially this is a collective work of many spiting artists. Additionally some artist use urinating to get more shades of the piece of art and to unlock and gain the new dimension of smell. Every few years Communal Workers apply white suspension of lime hydroxide in water to beatify the masterpiece. This is India’s invention of creative work. Kinda social activity or networking or more trendy *facebooking*. If you like some masterpiece just spit on it to *like* it. You’ll gain approbation by locals and become *tikka or desi wallah*. ( टिक्का – देसी – वाला / वाले / वाली )(???).

See where this picture was taken. [?]

by maticulous

Article by Jo Alelsto

The chemical is known to be one of the strongest bases in the realm of chemistry. While the chemical sodium hydroxide is best seen in industrial plants or chemical laboratories, it is incorporated in so many products that it is hardly unseen at homes. So many materials you encounter everyday either contain the chemical or used the chemical during the manufacturing process. It is commonly called lye or caustic soda and it is one of the most corrosive and one of the most hazardous chemicals on earth. Nonetheless, it is used in the manufacture of detergents, rayon, and paper. It is also an ingredient of many strong cleaning products and is used in the refining of petroleum. One method of manufacturing lye is through passing an electric current through a solution of water and sodium chloride – a process called electrolysis which produces the said base and chlorine.

The most common household items with lye are drain and oven cleaners, which are known as aggressive cleaning agents. This strong hydroxide is effective in removing clogging grease in pipes that form nasty sludge along the drainage. It softens and dissolves grease. This property of a strong base to dissolve fats makes it an effective cleaner. However, being a strong base that it is, it creates great amounts of heat upon dissolution in water. While this heat is effective in hastening the cleaning process in clogged pipes, it may be hazardous to the person exposed. Sometimes enough heat can be generated that a hot steam of water vapor and alkaline fume is formed. This is dangerous because it results to eye irritation that may lead to some degree of visual disability and upper respiratory tract irritation. This is why precautions are always to be followed when using aggressive cleaning liquids that contain strong alkali.

Strong bases like sodium hydroxide have a corrosive nature. Even in dilute concentrations, lye may react with many substances. One of the dangers is skin contact. Strong hydroxides cause damage to skin tissue upon exposure. Burns and ulceration ensue during severe cases. Nevertheless, there are a lot of dangerous substances at home besides this alkali. Having these hazardous chemicals at home should come with prudence. They must be kept well and used according to instructions.

Beyond the hazards of strong bases like lye or caustic soda come the extensive uses of the chemical. When used appropriately, it serves a lot of purposes in which no other chemical may ever be able to act as a substitute.

One of the important uses of the alkali is its being a component of soap making. When caustic soda is mixed with fat, a chemical reaction occurs between the base and the fatty acids. This neutralization is more commonly called in chemistry classes as saponification, a reaction that frees glycerol within the interlocking fatty acid molecules and produces soap. This process is the mother of all soap and detergent products you see in the market now. Soap and detergent are the most common cleaning agents used in homes, offices, health care facilities, restaurants, and hotels. Most home-made soaps are done with caustic soda as an ingredient. Note that the process of soap-making releases another industrially important chemical which is glycerol.

Caustic soda is commercially available in many forms. Pure caustic soda is a white solid, commonly seen as pellets or granules. Another available form is the 50-percent saturated solution. The pure form of this compound is extremely reactive and wrong handling could lead to serious accidents. This is why precautions in storage and use of the chemical are important. Containers used in storing this chemical should be tightly closed. Strict laboratory and industrial regulations demand the use of gloves and eye protection when handling the alkali.

Research and Markets: Potassium Hydroxide: 2012 World Market Outlook and …
"Potassium hydroxide 2012: World Market Outlook and Forecast" is an essential resource for anyone looking for detailed information on the market. Using a wide range of primary and secondary sources, all available data about the potassium hydroxide …
Read more on Business Wire (press release)

Chemicals are prevalent in many foods
Also drawing negative reactions is the meat processor's use of ammonium hydroxide to kill harmful bacteria. BPI's process has been compared to washing meat with kitchen cleaners. Academic researchers say nothing could be further from the truth.
Read more on Sioux City Journal

by tellumo

Article by Jo Alelsto

This story might serve as a warning for businesses who deal with the substance called as NaOH. This goes for sodium hydroxide manufacturer, distributors, producers as well as industries whose operations include the use of sodium hydroxide.

I usually enjoy traveling to the suburbs as it gives me the relaxation I need after a week-long stay at the office. It has become my habit to drive outside of the city skirts and just enjoy the breathtaking view of the mountains and the trees. The air is fresh and everything is far from the hustle and bustle of the city life. I can’t believe that minutes away from the city, everything would feel and look so marvelously different.

It had been like that for years until a new factory was set up where I usually hung out to rest after hours of driving. The locals told me that it was a factory that produces soap. I thought to myself, well, what harm could it do?

If only I knew better. Only months after the factory was built and started its operations did I notice something was amiss. At first it was not that obvious until the damage had already become widespread. I could see that a lot of the vegetation surrounding the factory was slowly withering. It was as if drought had stricken the place. However, it was not at all that dry and sunny for the past few months. Then, it hit me. It was that factory!

I researched about the ingredients needed to make soap and there I found out that soap makers use sodium hydroxide, a very corrosive substance that is not only harmful to people but could also be very potentially harmful to the environment especially when not disposed of properly. This made worried and made my hunch stronger. There is a high probability that what could be damaging the place around the factory was one of the ingredients in making soap.

I researched further and discovered that the substance becomes harmful to the environment because it could seep into the soil and affect the water systems. It could be that the plants had seeped water from the soil that have already been contaminated by caustic soda. This was a shocking revelation. If the plants got affected in this manner, then there was also a high possibility that people living near the area were also in danger.

I went back to the place and started asking people if they noticed anything different after the factory had been put up. They told me that they had already sent a complaint regarding the factory’s method of disposal. Even after rumors started to circulate that a factory was about to be put up near their place, they already started filing for complaints. However, they were denied as the factory’s papers were complete. But when things started to get ugly for the plants surrounding the factory, the people living in the area already had a substantial reason to question the operations of the factory. It was a good thing that they already took precautionary measures early on by not drinking tap water. This is because when specialists inspected their water systems, the specialists found out that it had already been contaminated by sodium hydroxide.

It was a good thing that these people did not wait for any bad thing to happen before they took action. In fact, if they had it their way, they could have already prevented the situation if they were just successful in prohibiting the factory to be put up in the first place. However, such matters were not theirs to decide. Even so, with enough vigilance and care, they were still able to do something to help them contain the possible damage that the factory could have caused their lives. Hopefully, their clamor would be heard and they could get back the safety they used to have before the factory came into the picture.

Removing an alloy seatpost from a steel frame with caustic soda. DO NOT TRY WITH ALLOY FRAME.
Video Rating: 5 / 5

No sodium at all this time.. Not sure what went wrong.

in this episode i show you how to make copper hydroxide the process is brutally simple, prepare a saturated solution of magnesium sulfate and add it to a large glass container. apply 9-10v dc to the solution through copper electrodes. filter the solution and collect the solid copper hydroxide

Check out these hydroxide images:

Why I like France


Image by austinevan
There’s many reasons to like France but one is being able to buy pretty much anything at the grocery store.

Sulphuric Acid, Hydrochloric Acid, Sodium Hydroxide, Acetone, White Spirits, Turpentine, Alcohol, etc. Almost every grocery store has a big shelf of all kinds of chemicals…

Hydrochloric acid is especially useful when etching metals (I use it in my artwork) or removing tough build up from water deposits (Paris has very high mineral content in the water so normally it’s very difficult to clean the bathroom).

The Sodium Hydroxide here is fairly high molar so can be used for industrial cleaning (great for bbq grills).

Europe in general has fewer laws regarding access to chemicals. Spain has even fewer restrictions…

From a safety perspective I think it’s really odd that they place the acid right above the concentrated base…

On the other hand one needs a prescription for simple antibiotic cream!

Sodium Hydroxide 6mol Corrosive Lab Chemicals


Image by maticulous
As the title says

by afsart

Article by Low Jeremy

Calcium hydroxide is one of the chemical compounds that are not associated in calcium supplement manufacturing because of the presence of acidic properties. It takes the form of either white powder or colorless crystal which is produced when another chemical compound which is the calcium oxide is quenched with water. It can also be produced by the mixture of the aqueous (water-based) solution of sodium hydroxide and the aqueous solution of calcium chloride.

When processed under heat, it decomposes into water and calcium oxide. One of the products, which is the lime water (formed by a suspension of fine particles of calcium hydroxide in water) is considered to be a medium-strength base which reacts viciously with acids as well as assails many metals in the presence of water.

Due to its sturdy basic properties, calcium hydroxide is used on various applications, such as the following:

* When in the form of lime, it is used as a sewage treatment and for the improvement of acid soils.

* It is an active ingredient in the production of plaster, whitewash, and mortar.

* It also acts as an alkaline which is used as a non-lye substitute in lye-free hair relaxers.

* It is also used as a reagent in the following applications:

o For the reef aquarium as a bio-available calcium additive solution for organisms inside the aquarium that uses calcium such as snails, algae, corals, and hard tube worms.o For the tanning industry as a neutralizer on extra acids.o For the petroleum refining application as an ingredient for manufacturing oil additives such as sulphatic and fanatic.o For the chemical application as an ingredient in manufacturing calcium stearate.o For water processing such as alcoholic and soda drinks.o For clearing magnesium and carbonate contents of calcium in manufacturing salt for food.

* It is also used as a filler on the following applications:

o Solid oil manufacturing.o Brake pad manufacturing.o Ebonite production.o Dry mix preparation for decorating and painting.o Pesticide mix manufacturing.o Polikar manufacturing (a drug that is used as a preservative for vegetables and fruits during storage period).

* It is also used in paste which is employed in tooth’s root canal procedure which reduces inflammation as well as acting as a disinfectant within the infected area.

However, since it contains acidic properties, calcium hydroxide overdose can lead to dangerous consequences such as breathing difficulties, internal bleeding, hypotension, skeletal muscle paralysis, and an increase in the blood’s pH level, which can cause damage to the body’s internal organs.

More Hydroxide Articles

by flagondry

Article by Hans Cameron

One more offered form is the fifty-% saturated alternative. The pure kind of this compound is very reactive and incorrect dealing with could lead to significant accidents. This is why precautions in storage and use of the chemical are crucial. Containers made use of in storing this chemical should be tightly closed. Strict laboratory and industrial laws demand the use of gloves and eye protection when dealing with the alkali.There are a good deal of chemical substances utilized in industries currently and one of them is sodium hydroxide, an individual of the strongest chemical compounds recognized, 1 of the most hazardous and a person of the chemical substances that want suitable dealing with. The following are the regularly requested problems about the substance.What is sodium hydroxide?Sodium hydroxide is one particular of the strongest base acknowledged in chemistry and is also identified as caustic soda. It has a chemical method of NaOH. In its pure sort, it is a white crystalline sound at home temperature. It dissolves in water in a warmth-evolving dissolution procedure which can be adequate to outcome in ignition. This solid base is really corrosive, but is observed as an industrial chemical employed to manufacture soaps, rayon, paper, explosives and petroleum solutions. Processing of cotton cloth, production laundry and bleaching agents, processing of metals, and electroplating also use sodium hydroxide.How does it have an affect on the atmosphere?The chemical could not previous very long in the natural environment since it is a extremely reactive substance and it easily reacts with other substances. When it enters a shape of h2o, it dissociates into sodium cations and hydroxide anions forming electrolyte resolution. Since it is a base, it neutralizes acids. Hence, it decreases the acidity of drinking water or boosts its alkalinity. Since of its reactive capacity, it in no way accumulates in the setting.How does a individual run the threat of coverage?Given that this simple compound is identified in residence cleansing liquids, a individual may perhaps come in call with it when applying cleansing items that contains the chemical. A far more apparent coverage is when an individual functions in a factory wherever the compound is utilized or a component of production procedures.What are the well being pitfalls?Upon first get in touch with with the base, it will surely corrode the skin, burning tissues seriously. On inhaling the fumes or mist of the substance, respiratory tract irritation could ensue. Prolonged inhalation or inhalation of larger concentrations may well lead to swelling and spasms of the higher respiratory tract lining, the nose and the throat, which may be severe enough to trigger obstruction of air movement. Pulmonary edema or accumulation of fluid in the lungs can also arise.Ingestion of the substance can result to serious burning of the mouth, throat, esophagus and stomach. This injuries might be intense enough to bring about perforation and bleeding. Sudden vomiting and suffering in the abdomen and chest accompanied by problems in swallowing are also signs.Upon call with the skin, it corrodes the skin. Significant uses up and ulcerations may well final result. The compound could result in corneal injury and clouding and may lead to blindness. Of training course these accidents are mostly the success of mishandling.How is it joined to cancer?

Associate Lecturer Adam van Wynsberghe, UW Madison, demonstrates an endothermic reaction. Before carring out the reaction, he applied a thin layer of water to the top of the board, and placed the beaker on top.
Video Rating: 4 / 5

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